Card-based systems: systematic literature review of new systems and proposal of a list of soft factors for systems implementation

Although Production Control Systems are considered a mature topic in literature, up to now, the focus of literature has been on optimizing the operating parameters of each system, assigning little importance to factors related to human influence (soft factors). Implementation, however, remains a complex problem. This paper aims to reduce this gap by proposing, through a combination of research methods, a list of soft factors critical to success in implementing card-based systems, which which are the most studied and implemented and which share as a characteristic a strong human influence on their functioning. However, to achieve this goal, it was initially necessary to identify which systems are based on cards. Although for systems such as Kanban and CONWIP there is a large literature available, systems developed after POLCA proposal in 1998 were little explored. Therefore, this dissertation initially performs a systematic literature review identifying 13 systems developed between 1999 and 2018, such as COBACABANA, DDMRP, Redutex, B-CONWIP, BK-CONWIP, among others. Briefly, it presents how each system works, its characteristics, current research stage and environments in which it has been proved to be useful, aiming to increase researches about them. The systems are also compared in relation to six variables defined in the literature, identifying that many of the new systems are card-based. The soft factors proposed for the implementation of card-based systems are based on the analysis of problems cited in the literature as well as difficulties identified through a longitudinal case study. This list was validated by experts as well as a group of employees from the focus company that participated in the implementation of kanban. This dissertation also proposes a soft factor house for the implementation of card-based systems, in which the factors are classified as exclusive to this theme or classic management factors, as well as in relation to the organizational level in which it operates (organization, implementation group, or individual). This house aims to assist managers in implementing card-based systems, increasing success rates in this process. In addition, by reviewing recent production control systems, this dissertation aims to increase the repertoire of managers on existing systems, enabling the implementation of more appropriate options for the productive environment in which they are located.Não recebi financiamentoEmbora os Sistemas de Coordenação de Ordens sejam considerado um tópico maduro na literatura, o foco da literatura até o momento recaiu especialmente sobre a otimização dos parâmetros de funcionamento de cada sistema, atribuindo pouca importância aos fatores relacionados a influência humana (soft factors). A implementação, contudo, continua a ser um problema complexo. Esse trabalho visa reduzir essa lacuna, propondo, através de uma combinação de métodos de pesquisa, uma lista de fatores soft críticos para o sucesso na implementação de sistemas baseado em cartão, os quais são os mais estudados e implementados e que compartilham como característica uma forte influência humana em seu funcionamento. Contudo, para realização desse objetivo, inicialmente foi necessário identificar quais são os sistemas baseados em cartão. Embora para sistemas como o Kanban e o CONWIP exista uma grande literatura disponível, sistemas desenvolvidos após a proposta do POLCA em 1998 foram pouco explorados. Assim, essa dissertação inicialmente realiza uma revisão sistemática de literatura identificando 13 sistemas desenvolvidos entre 1999 e 2018, tais como COBACABANA, DDMRP, Redutex, B-CONWIP, BK-CONWIP, dentre outros. Brevemente, é apresentado o funcionamento, características, estágio atual de pesquisa e ambientes propícios para cada sistema, visando aumentar as pesquisas sobre eles. Os sistemas são também comparados em relação a seis variáveis, identificando-se que muitos dos novos sistemas são baseados em cartão. Os fatores soft propostos para a implementação de sistemas baseado em cartão se baseiam na análise de problemas citados na literatura bem como de dificuldades identificadas através de um estudo de caso longitudinal. Essa lista foi validada por especialistas assim como por um grupo de colaboradores da empresa foco que participou da implementação do kanban. Nessa dissertação é proposta também uma casa de fatores soft para a implementação de sistemas baseados em cartão, nas quais os fatores são classificados como exclusivos dessa temática ou fatores clássicos de administração, bem como em relação ao nível organizacional em que atua. (organização, grupo de implementação ou indivíduo). Essa casa tem como objetivo auxiliar os gerentes na implementação de sistemas baseados em cartão, aumentando as taxas de sucesso nesse processo. Além disso, através da revisão de sistemas de coordenação de ordens recentes, essa dissertação visa aumentar o repertório dos gerentes sobre os sistemas existentes, possibilitando a implementação de opções mais adequadas para o ambiente produtivo em que se encontram

Avaliação da maturidade do processo de S&OP em uma empresa de material de escrita: um estudo de caso

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o estágio de maturidade do processo de S&OP da empresa objeto de estudo, identificar as principais deficiências por categoria avaliada e propor ações para sua melhoria. Para tanto, utilizaram-se três modelos, sendo dois modelos qualitativos e um modelo quantitativo. A pesquisa apresentou resultados divergentes entre a classificação oriunda dos modelos qualitativos e quantitativo, especialmente pelo fato de as métricas calculadas serem genéricas, não incorporando fatores como tipo de mercado consumidor, número de clientes e características de seus produtos e processos. Para a métrica acuracidade da previsão de vendas, é proposta a realização de uma média ponderada entre a acuracidade de cada família de produtos, sendo os pesos definidos por meio de uma classificação ABC baseada no faturamento das famílias. Do ponto de vista prático, notou-se que a principal dificuldade do processo de S&OP na empresa estudada reside na interface entre demanda e suprimentos, especialmente pelo fato de a companhia possuir uma estrutura organizacional do tipo funcional orientada ao atendimento da demanda. O fortalecimento dessa integração é a finalidade maior da atuação de um processo de S&OP na empresa, para minimizar conflitos funcionais e melhorar o desempenho da companhia

Systematic Review and Discussion of Production Control Systems That Emerged between 1999 and 2018

There exists a large literature on well-known Production Control Systems (PCS) such as Kanban, Constant Work-In-Process (CONWIP), Material Requirements Planning (MRP) and Paired Cell Overlapping Loops of Cards with Authorisation (POLCA). However, there are also many new systems that have emerged in the last 20 years. These systems are less well known, and no systematic review exists. Through a systematic literature review, 13 PCS's were identified, such as COBACABANA, REDUTEX, BK-CONWIP and B-CONWIP. For each system, we describe its characteristics, how they work and in what productive environments it proves useful. A cross-comparison of the 13 systems was then conducted using seven variables: primary control variable (WIP or throughput), degree of centralisation, material flow (productive environment), whether it was introduced as card-based, types of authorizations, number of articles published and type of articles published (theoretical or empirical). Most new PCS's (7 out of 13) show characteristics that are similar to Kanban, CONWIP and POLCA: they are decentralised, card-based and use WIP as primary control variable. This may be a result of the strong influence of Lean Manufacturing paradigms Meanwhile, there is a general lack of empirical studies, being 11 PCS's developed from mathematical simulations

Critical Soft Factors for Card-Based Production Systems Implementation: A Multi-Method Study

Goal: Although card-based systems are a mature topic in literature, studies have focused mainly on how to optimize parameter of each system. The influential of human factors in the implementation of those systems have rarely been evaluated. Therefore, this study aims to understand what are the critical soft factors for a successful card-based systems implementation. Design / Methodology / Approach: A multi-method study is used in this research, combining systematic literature review, longitudinal case study, content analysis, interviews with experts and validations with two different groups. Results: The paper proposes a list of 15 soft factors critical to a successful implementation of cardbased systems categorized in a "house framework" according to the level of analysis each factor is included. Limitations of the investigation: A single case study, although longitudinal, was conducted to proposed the list of factors. Therefore, further studies should be conducted to adapt the list to other organizations and contexts. Practical implications: Following the proposed list of factors, managers can increase the success in implementing a card-based system in their organizations. Originality / Value: This study combines different research methods in a unique way, since in the researchers' view, an individual method was not sufficient to answer the proposed research question. Moreover, the case study reported a failure implementation of a card-based system, a rare addition to literature which mainly presented success cases

Correction to: Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonists for atrial fibrillation in clinical practice: GLORIA-AF Registry

International audienceIn this article, the name of the GLORIA-AF investigator Anastasios Kollias was given incorrectly as Athanasios Kollias in the Acknowledgements. The original article has been corrected

Patterns of oral anticoagulant use and outcomes in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation: a post-hoc analysis from the GLORIA-AF Registry

Background: Previous studies suggested potential ethnic differences in the management and outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aim to analyse oral anticoagulant (OAC) prescription, discontinuation, and risk of adverse outcomes in Asian patients with AF, using data from a global prospective cohort study. Methods: From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase II-III (November 2011-December 2014 for Phase II, and January 2014-December 2016 for Phase III), we analysed patients according to their self-reported ethnicity (Asian vs. non-Asian), as well as according to Asian subgroups (Chinese, Japanese, Korean and other Asian). Logistic regression was used to analyse OAC prescription, while the risk of OAC discontinuation and adverse outcomes were analysed through Cox-regression model. Our primary outcome was the composite of all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The original studies were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01468701, NCT01671007, and NCT01937377. Findings: 34,421 patients were included (70.0 ± 10.5 years, 45.1% females, 6900 (20.0%) Asian: 3829 (55.5%) Chinese, 814 (11.8%) Japanese, 1964 (28.5%) Korean and 293 (4.2%) other Asian). Most of the Asian patients were recruited in Asia (n = 6701, 97.1%), while non-Asian patients were mainly recruited in Europe (n = 15,449, 56.1%) and North America (n = 8378, 30.4%). Compared to non-Asian individuals, prescription of OAC and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) was lower in Asian patients (Odds Ratio [OR] and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 0.23 [0.22-0.25] and 0.66 [0.61-0.71], respectively), but higher in the Japanese subgroup. Asian ethnicity was also associated with higher risk of OAC discontinuation (Hazard Ratio [HR] and [95% CI]: 1.79 [1.67-1.92]), and lower risk of the primary composite outcome (HR [95% CI]: 0.86 [0.76-0.96]). Among the exploratory secondary outcomes, Asian ethnicity was associated with higher risks of thromboembolism and intracranial haemorrhage, and lower risk of major bleeding. Interpretation: Our results showed that Asian patients with AF showed suboptimal thromboembolic risk management and a specific risk profile of adverse outcomes; these differences may also reflect differences in country-specific factors. Ensuring integrated and appropriate treatment of these patients is crucial to improve their prognosis. Funding: The GLORIA-AF Registry was funded by Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH